The persistence of such important questions in this area may not be surprising in light of patterns of gun violence research. More recently, an expert-crafted research agenda around gun violence calls for a need to better understand, among other issues, gun violence characteristics, ways to prevent gun-related injuries, and risks and protective factors of gun violence (Council NR 2013).
For example, a Community Guide systematic review focused specifically on law-based interventions to gun violence concluded in 2005 that there was insufficient evidence to determine whether firearm laws were effective interventions (Hahn et al. 1999 Levine and McKnight 2017).ĭespite what we know about gun violence, many related topics remain only partially understood and therefore not fully actionable. Various studies have also linked firearm access to unintentional firearm deaths, particularly among youth (Miller et al. A meta-analysis of 16 observational studies concluded that access to firearms is associated with risk for completed suicide and being the victim of homicide (Anglemyer et al. Firearm ownership, access and storage practices are a risk factor for suicide (Brent et al. Additionally, research posits that states that have more permissive concealed-carry gun laws have higher homicide rates (Siegel et al. State-level gun ownership rates have been found to be a strong correlate of firearm homicide rates when using various national datasets (Siegel et al.
Furthermore, gun violence has substantial economic consequences, with medical and work-loss costs alone for fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries estimated at over $45 billion annually (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010), and these costs do not even take into account lost quality of life and any physical, social, or emotional toll on families and loved ones.įirearm ownership has been associated with increased rates of intentional and unintentional firearm deaths.
Firearm death rates in the US far surpass those of all other populous high income OECD countries US overall firearm death rates are 10 times higher, firearm suicide rates are 8 times higher, and firearm homicide rates are 25 times higher (Grinshteyn and Hemenway 2016). In 2017 there were nearly 40,000 firearm related deaths (Pilkington 2018). Gun violence is a critical public health issue in the US and contributes significantly to premature morbidity and mortality. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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